To my knowledge, they generally don’t. Shared libraries are a massive pain from a programming perspective, so it’s largely been avoided (even though there are some advantages for Linux distro maintainers and sysadmins).
Modern languages usually bring along their own package manager, which downloads the libraries you want to use from a central repository and then bundles them into your build artifact that you hand to users.
In ‘semi-modern’ languages, like the JVM languages and I think also Python, you get the dependencies in a folder as part of a larger archive.
With Go and Rust, they decided to include those libraries directly into the executable, so that many programs can just ship a single executable.
If by “shared library” you mean a dynamically linked one: IIRC Go does allow shared libraries to be used, but by default all Go code is linked statically (though libraries written in other languages may be dynamically linked by default, if you import a module that requires it).
This is the same for Rust.
Ah yeah, I guess, my interpretation of that quote wasn’t quite right.
You can build a shared library in Rust, but it will need to be called via the C ABI or the WebAssembly ABI.
It is also possible to call a C ABI library in Rust (and virtually any other language), as well as a WebAssembly ABI library.
So, technically you can do shared libraries that way, but because the C ABI and WebAssembly ABI are significantly more limited compared to what you want to be passing around internally in Rust, you’ll only really want to use these in special cases.
Rust doesn’t particularly like dynamic libs. It compiles libraries you use on your dev machine, so it knows how you’ll use the libraries, which allows it to make various assumptions and optimizations.
For example, Rust can do generics via monomorphization (as opposed to vtables), which means it will generate the generic library code for each type that’s passed into the generic type argument. This is useful, because it can fully optimize that code, but also because it retains type information, despite the use of generics.